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The Economic Research Service (ERS) is a component of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and a principal agency of the Federal Statistical System of the United States. It provides information and research on agriculture and economics. ==History== The first USDA agency formally tasked with data collection was the Division of Statistics, created in 1863, one year after the USDA itself was created.〔Panel to Study the Research Program of the Economic Research Service, ''(Sowing Seeds of Change: Informing Public Policy in the Economic Research Service of USDA )'', Committee on National Statistics, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council (John F. Gewek et al., eds. 1999).〕 By 1902, a Division of Foreign Markets had been created, and the following year, that division was merged with the Division of Statistics to form the Bureau of Statistics.〔 In 1914, the bureau was renamed the Bureau of Crop Estimates, and in 1921 this bureau merged with the Bureau of Markets to form the Bureau of Markets and Crop Estimates.〔 This merger brought together "responsibility for the collection of farm-level crop and livestock data with that for major domestic and foreign commodity market transactions" in a single agency.〔 While the USDA's data collection activities were developing, the department was also developing expertise in agricultural economics research.〔 In 1903, the Office of Farm Management was formed within the Bureau of Plant Industry.〔 In 1915, this office was transferred to the Office of the Secretary to provide analytic support during World War I. In 1919, the office was renamed in Office of Farm Management and Farm Economics. In 1920, the office became a separate USDA agency.〔 In 1922, the Bureau of Agricultural Economics (BAE), the ERS's immediate predecessor, was established by the merger of the Office of Farm Management and Farm Economics and the Bureau of Markets and Crop Estimates, bringing together responsibility for data collection and economic research/analysis in a single agency.〔 This new agency brought together for the first time in data collection and economic analysis and research.〔 The first leader of the BAE was the pioneering agricultural economist Henry Charles Taylor, appointed by Secretary of Agriculture Henry C. Wallace.〔(Milestones in ERS History: Henry C. Taylor ), Economic Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture.〕 In its initial years the BAE recruited agricultural economists from the handful of land-grant universities that offered the Ph.D in agriculture, such as Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Cornell.〔 The ERS was established by Secretary of Agriculture Memorandum 1446, supp. 1, of April 3, 1961.〔''(United States Government Manual 2012 )'', Office of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records Administration, p. 555.〕 It was subsequently consolidated with other USDA units (including the Economic Development Service, established in 1969, and the Economic Management Support Center, established 1974) into the Economics, Statistics, and Cooperatives Service by Secretary's Memorandum 1927, effective December 23, 1977.〔 The agency was redesignated as the ''Economic Research Service'' by secretarial order of October 1, 1981.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Economic Research Service」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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